Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

What electrolyte imbalance can occur with exercise, presenting symptoms such as muscle cramping?

1. Hyponatremia

2. Hypocalcemia

3. Hypokalemia

4. Hyperkalemia

The correct answer is: Hypokalemia

Muscle cramping during exercise is often associated with hypokalemia, which is a condition characterized by low potassium levels in the blood. Potassium is crucial for proper muscle function, as it plays a vital role in neuromuscular transmission and muscle contraction. During prolonged or intense physical activity, athletes may lose significant amounts of potassium through sweat and urine, leading to an electrolyte imbalance. Symptoms of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, cramping, and fatigue, which can significantly impact both athletic performance and daily activities. Maintaining adequate potassium levels is essential for preventing these symptoms, especially during prolonged exercise. While other electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia (low sodium levels), hypocalcemia (low calcium levels), and hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) can also affect muscle function, they are less commonly associated with muscle cramping specifically. Hyponatremia can lead to symptoms like confusion and swelling, hypocalcemia may cause tetany and spasms, but hypokalemia is the most directly linked to muscle cramping, particularly in the context of exercise.