Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

Which clinical signs are most consistent with anemia?

1. Pallor, cyanosis, and cool skin

2. Distended neck veins and ascites

3. Elevated central venous pressure

4. Fatigue and exercise intolerance

The correct answer is: Pallor, cyanosis, and cool skin

The signs of pallor, cyanosis, and cool skin are indeed consistent with anemia due to the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Anemia often leads to reduced perfusion and oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in pallor, where the skin loses its healthy color. Cyanosis, the bluish discoloration of the skin, can occur as a result of poor oxygenation. Cool skin is another consequence of diminished blood flow, as the body prioritizes perfusion to vital organs over peripheral tissues. In contrast, other options describe clinical signs that are not typically associated with anemia. For example, distended neck veins and ascites are more indicative of heart failure or fluid overload rather than anemia. Elevated central venous pressure also points towards volume overload conditions or heart dysfunction, which doesn't directly correlate with anemia. Fatigue and exercise intolerance can occur with anemia but are not the primary clinical signs associated with it. Instead, they can manifest from a variety of conditions leading to decreased physical capabilities. Therefore, the combination of pallor, cyanosis, and cool skin provides a clearer and more direct correlation to anemia.